Root Cause Analysis- Delay in treatment Free Essay Example, 3000 words

However this delay in treatment could have been avoided had the doctor explained about the medicine to both the patient and the nurse. 2. Nurse Administers the Wrong Medication Due to Inadequate Checking of the Medication Nurse is interrupted in her task She either takes the wrong medication or is given the wrong medication Nurse does not check the medication Nurse administers the wrong drug to the patient Delay in appropriate treatment can also occur if the nurses themselves fail to check for what medication they provide to the patients. The nurse might not be aware of this mistake, however, end result is that there is a delay in treatment, that is, proper treatment, as the patient receives wrong medication. Furthermore, another factor here is that, when the nurse is interrupted in his or her task, and given other responsibilities, even if they have the correct medication in their hands, they might not be able to provide it to the patient due to other engagements. This also results in delay in treatment, as the patient has to wait till the nurse has finished the new task she was given. 3.We will write a custom essay sample on Root Cause Analysis- Delay in treatment or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The Wrong Medication is Given Either because the Prescription was not Filled Properly or it was for the Wrong Drug. Prescription is not properly filled / Prescription of the wrong medication Nurse is delivered with wrong medication Wrong medication given as a result of wrong prescription also leads to delay in treatment. First of all, it can be seen that significant time passes until the nurse or the doctor comes to know that the wrong medication was given. It maybe found out depending on when the next medication is to be given. Doctors or nurses will find out while giving the next dosage, as they will check the previous dosage details. Then there is a significant gap between replacing the wrong medication as well as providing the proper one. Thus, it becomes clear that this also causes delay in treatment. 4. Pharmacist Fills the Prescription Wrong Pharmacist takes the wrong drugs (mistaken for bottles that look alike) OR Pharmacist reads the prescription wrong (Illegible handwriting) AND Does not check the prescription properly Inaccurate filling of prescription Wrong medication when given out by the pharmacist also causes delay in treatment, as like in above-mentioned cases, the patient is in deed receiving wrong treatment. Thus, wrong drug handed out by the pharmacist also becomes a root cause for delay in the proper treatment. 5. Ineffective Check of Prescription for Wrong Drug Medication names of similar sounds Wrong prescription written by doctor OR Wrong medication selected by the doctor AND Inadequate check of the prescribed prescription Wrong medication prescription At times, the doctor may have lack of attention when he prescribes the medication, this will result in selection of wrong medicine, thus leading to delay in appropriate treatment.

Essay about WWI causes - 1164 Words

History Term paper What one thing do you think caused WW1? There in fact were many causes of WW1. One of the causes was imperialism. There was jealousy between the countries because some had more colonies then others. The major countries did not trust each other or get along. They were worried about the build up of each others army. Each country had great pride and nationalism. By 1914 all major countries had taken sides against one another and formed alliances. The immediate cause of WW1 was the assignation of the heir to Austria-Hungary’s throne. At the beginning of the war all countries were enthusiastic about it especially Germany. The countries were divided onto sides like so; Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria. These†¦show more content†¦This quickly led to a government crisis because the Tsarina had been taken over by Rasputin, the man said to have the power to cure the Tsarina’s son Alexis of hemophilia. Russia was spending a lot of money on the war so they had to increase taxes. This meant that there was less food and m ore mouths to feed. Peasants started taking over landlord’s fields and crops for themselves. Lenin supported the peasants. Lenin was the leader of the soviets which was a council created of farmers and workers. The soviets created a political party called the Bolsheviks which created order #1. Order #1 said that soldiers should not listen to their generals. The new army commander, General Kornilov, wanted to put a stop to the revolutionary nonsense and wanted to replace the pro visional government with a military one which would act strongly against the soviets and Bolsheviks. In the elections to the soviets the newly Bolsheviks won. This is where order #1 came into place. Lenin created eight decrees. One was the decree on peace. This decree meant that Russia was immediately pulled out of the war and the fighting would stop. When Russia was pulled from the war it greatly impacted the German strategy. Germany had divided their troops in half. Half on the eastern front fighting Russia, the other half on the western front fighting France and Great Britain. Russia pulling out of the war meant that Germany could take all the troops from the eastern front to theShow MoreRelatedWwi Causes Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesAaron Carlson Period 2 – History III 3/29/10 WWI Essay – Causes of War Even today, the causes of World War one is still being debated and the great war started 96 years ago and ended 92 years ago. Yet today after so much time the main cause of the war still remains unexposed to this day. What triggered the whole war was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie of Austria-Hungary on June 28th 1914 by The Black Hand. The assassination happened because of feelingsRead MoreUnderlying Causes of WWI Essay644 Words   |  3 Pages(1843-1916), colonization and Imperialism had become, â€Å"a matter of life and death: either France will become a great African power or in a century or two she will be no more than a secondary European power†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Rich). Of course, Imperialism itself doesn’t cause too much conflict (other than the initial takeover of the land and peoples themselves); it so happens that human nature takes due course and begins to control our ideas and actions as well. This human nature is a matter of Nationalism, or pride inRead MoreEssay on Pan-Slavism: the Cause of Wwi1502 Words   |  7 PagesAustria-Hungary and Serbia that culminated in WWI. This tension was caused by the threat Pan-Slavism posed on Austria-Hungary due to its high Slavic population and its recent annexation of Bosnia Herzegovina. Another tension-builder was that Russia, a Slavic nation and a super-power at the time, was fully supporting this movement, thereby indirectly challenging Austria-Hungary to control of its own people. The tension had been mounting long before WWI began, but it was the breaking of this tensionRead MoreSeveral Research Questions on the Causes of Wwi2619 Words   |  11 Pagesnext election the parliament had no choice but to comply with public demand. This was the case for many of Britains activities during the pre-war years. Any controversy that inspired interest and nationalism in the public was taken up as a public cause. Had the parliament wished to step out of the arms race or imperial race or ever some of the military strategies and treaties being developed public support would not have allowed it. 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Friedrich Engels explains in The Origins of the First World War (Doc A) the aftermath of the Thirty Years War caused many devastating effects like famine, sickness, want and brutalizing the population and this is being compared to World War I saying th at the same outcome happenedRead MoreThe Cause of WWI was Imperialism Leading to a Bad Economy Essay722 Words   |  3 PagesOne of the main causes that started World War 1 was the fact of imperialism. The main cause was imperialism and not nationalism because the government was always unequal and always favored themselves. When the government did this, it would lead to a terrible economy, and be forced to trade with other surrounding countries. All of this created a big build up in war and tension between Europe and other surrounding nations. I believe that imperialism was the main cause of World War 1 because it is whatRead MoreThe War I And World War II Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagesdamage left by WWI. After WWI, with the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was left destroyed and destabilized, which eventually laid out the foundation for WWII. The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles led to the aggression of Germany. The Treaty of Versailles was supposed to bring about peace, but Marshall Foch, generalissimo of the Allied Armies in France believed that instead, it was an armistice for twenty years. The causes of WWII can easily be traced back to the unresolved issues of WWI, thus bringingRead MoreThe Diversity Of Art Development1689 Words   |  7 Pages† once said Richard Holbrooke, an American diplomat. Many people worldwide agree with Mr. Holbrooke, believing WWI to be a waste of human lives. Known for its ridiculous start fueled by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, its huge impact on numerous countries earned it the title of the Great War. Though many people considered it a pointless war with many negative repercussions, WWI did lead to some positive outcomes, such as its art. 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Nietzsches Overman In The Will To Power Essay Example For Students

Nietzsches Overman In The Will To Power Essay The existential philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche believed that humanity nedded to be overcome. He viewed humans as weak creatures and slaves to the Christian religion. In The Will to Power, Nietzsche asserts the poer of the overman a creature beyond Christian good and evil to replace the passive man. To understand the book, it is first necessary to understand what Nietzsche means by The Will to Power. Denneson describes this as a psychological presupposition which assumes that humans are always attempting to inflict their wills upon others (Denneson, 1). When considering the use of the term ubermensch or overman in this work, it is also necessary to understand exactly what Nietzsche means by this term. This is seen by many as the way in which he refers to a superhuman. In the past, many comparisons wre made between Nietzsches overman and the Nazi idea of the superior race. However, this has been re-evaluated by many scholars, and the comparison is no longer seen in the same light. The overman is seen as the next step up from normal humans; this creature could even be interpreted as the next step up the evolutionary ladder. The overman is not isolated to just this work; we see Nietzsche talk about this creature in other works such as Thus Spoke Zarathustra and The Antichrist. The idea is not new, but at best, it is still controversial (Cross, 1). The Will to Power, which results from these two books, contains various metaphors and generalizations which display contradictions and tensions (Harman, 2). The philosophies which underlie all of Nietzsches writing are themselves contradictory; they both celebrate and embrace the humanity of man, whilst holding it in contempt and insulting it at the same time (Cross, 7). The concept oof the overman appears to be a contradiction in itself, reflecting the views that Nietzsche himself expresses about the human condition. The creature is dichotomy, seeing himself as superior and a master of his environment, but simultaneously he hates his human self, seeing his weaknesses and flaws. In this manner of representation, one must question if this creature could ever become a reality. Cross argues that the overmanis a contradiction in terms of existence which cannot be resolved due to the constraints which Nietzsche applies to this hypothetical creature. Cross states, this creature can only succeed in negating himself, and, in essence, can never truly exist at all. Nietzsche has the view that mankind as it exists is a disease of a sickness which is destroying itself, reflecting the porr nature of a modern man and his lack of pro-activism, being seen as a purely passive creature unalbe to rebel and define his life. Nietzsche further argues that the passive reaction of the occurrences in society are the result of the Christian religion (Cross, 2). Nietzches view of mans sickness reveals itself very strongly in The Antichrist, but The Will to Power also displays his view. This book reflects Nietzsches belief that all creatures, whatever they are, have a requirement and a need to follow commands of some sort. The freedom of the overman is that the individual despises what he is and has been, and in this is able to learn to command himself. However, this is a difficult and self-destructive process. The perception of the comand over power is an interesting one; it is not the straight forward meaning of control over others, but also the control over ones self. In The Will to Power, Nietzsche sees those who look to improve themselves as looking to the will to truth. However, he argues that in doing this, they are not really seeking new values, but that htey are trying to find a way of bringing all men under the same code of understanding. In effect, they are bringing them all further to the weaknesses for which he blames Christianity. .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd , .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd .postImageUrl , .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd , .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd:hover , .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd:visited , .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd:active { border:0!important; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd:active , .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2e6a56f192e543a9556f037c53b895cd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Requiem for an Aristocrat EssayNietzsche says he believes that a man who acts out of laziness, or does not act for the same reason is bad, and this passive stance allows the weaknesses of society to become more entrenched and accepted, this becoming of a self-fulfilling prophecy the more it happens, the more it will cause its continuation. The passive man does not display obedience to himself, but to society. The overman is obedient to himself, arguably hte hardest type of obedience. Therefore, the will to power is the power to set ones own values and ones own goals. The power is therefore not any type of physical brute force, but a strong and enduring self-determination. This shows the dichotomy that Nietzsche puts forward for how can a man full of self-loathing and sickness, aware of his own weaknesses, ever become this self-determanist creature, yet still aware of his faults (Cross, 7)?Nietzsche argues that the achieve this, a man must be free of the weaknesses of society; he must not be bound by the convention that the strong have to help the weak. This convention only leads both parties to become even weaker. Nietzsche believes that the only way of overcoming this sickness in society is for the next evolutionary step to be taken the weak be left to their own devices, whilst the strongest develop themselves. In eff ect, this is a representation of the survival of the fittest theory. This reflects his view that the current evolutionary process has been halted by mans weakness, and that it can only be restarted and the overman be attained by drastic measures (Cross, 10). However for man to change, he must want to change. See how he treats his fellow man with contempt. Yet, even in his own writing, this is a contradiction;One can enhance only those men whom does not treat with contempt; moral contempt causes greater indignity and harm than any crime (Nietzsche, 393). For this to be seen as possible, we must accept that the principle motivation behind man is not one of mere survival, but that is is one of betterment. The cost of self-imparement must not be at the expense of the weak. Arguably, it is an amorist view, which shows the reasons why so many scholars see Nietzsches questionalbe (Cross, 2). One may argue that if the overman represents total obedience to oneself and not to others, this change would herald the end of the state. There would no longer be any need for the state because there would not be a role for it to play. However even in this contradiction, a level of stability must be reached in the individual overman. However, Nietzsche also argues that it is stability which has ultimately lead to the stagnation which is currently the position of man. In stability, there will be no movement forward and no evolutionary progress (Cross, 6). In a final thought regarding the process and achievement of this overman statur, one can clearly see a difference in the state of mind in achieving it. The overman will not likely be satisfied in his position. The goal of the normal man, embodied by the masses, is that of pleasure. In this respect, Nietzsche argues with many other philosophers. However, this is different from the goal and reward which the overman receives. This Nietzsche sees the attainment of joy, yet with different outcome. Nietzsche views joy as being tinged with pain, in this way enabling the idea of joy to be appreciated in its totality. The whole idea of a superman, or overman has been seen many time through philosophy, but in the case of Nietzsche, it is a self-negating idea, and the theory would not work as it advocates to many imitations and a disregard for the social needs of man. The acceptance of this theory would be to disregard many of the social needs and the way in which society works. This theory advocates an abandoment of the current society in favour of total self-determination and obedience to the self. .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 , .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 .postImageUrl , .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 , .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374:hover , .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374:visited , .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374:active { border:0!important; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374:active , .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374 .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue86a0582fd0c20fe4986e18a07be7374:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Modern Day Slavery in Texas EssayHowever in considering this, the most basic message regarding the book The Will to Power must be that this was not written directly by Nietzsche. It is a collection of notes and observations, which are not finished or refined (Cross, 1). Here, we are in danger of misinterpreting his message, and the best and most complete way to rectify this flaw is to read his other books, which do present a final and polished perspective, rather than the unfinished rough outline. BibliographyDenneson, The Overman, pp. 1-16Cross, Will to Power pp. 43-46

Postal Rule of Acceptance Essay Example

Postal Rule of Acceptance Paper Four main justifications of Postal Acceptance Rule i. ‘Ad infinitum’ Justification Postal rule had existed almost for 200 years and the post had been creating problems for people which the courts are obliged to solve them logically. Why it had been creating so many problems for people and that we will be discussing later on. For now let’s look at the four main justifications for postal rule of acceptance. It came from Treitel and he believes that the four main justifications are for the creation of postal rule. First of all, the first justification is the â€Å"Ad Infinitum† justification where its main rationale is that acceptance by post has to be valid on posting because if there were no postings which mean there is no contract formed. Based on the case of Adam v Lindsell, the defendant actually mail the offer of selling wool to plaintiff and the plaintiff was requested on mailing back to the defendant. Unfortunately there was an error in the offered price and plaintiff did not receive it. We can thus conclude that the defendant had not receive the letter of acceptance and therefore the defendant assume that the plaintiff did not want to accept his offer so he sold the wool to a third party. There was actually a contract exists before the sale of the wool because acceptance made right after the mail is being mailed. Therefore, the defendant was liable in breach of contract. In this case, it might go on ad infinitum because once mail is being posted which means that acceptance is being made. We will write a custom essay sample on Postal Rule of Acceptance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Postal Rule of Acceptance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Postal Rule of Acceptance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Of course, there is a high level of uncertainty because of the distance between the two parties causing them difficulties for the formation of contract. ii. ‘Symbolic Act’ Justification In this justification, rationale being that the offeror must be considered as continually making (the offer) until he has brought to the knowledge of the person to whom it made that it is withdraw. Based on the case of Brogden v Directors of Metropolitan Railway Co, there was a contract sent by the defendant (Directors of Metropolitan Railway) to the plaintiff (Brogden) regarding the contract. The plaintiff agreed the contract by signing it and return to the defendant. The defendant then filled in the blanks without informing the plaintiff about the acceptance. Since there is no acceptance being communicated between the both parties, the plaintiff did not supply the company with coals. Thus, there was subsequently a dispute arose that whether the written agreement was valid. Although the action of communication of acceptance had not been showed clearly, in fact the written agreement was valid despite no acceptance being informed. Reason being both parties had already agreed on the terms of the contract without any objections. In the real world, we do not see an offeror consistently making an offer to people, and subsequently this justification seems to be attempting to affect a useful acceptance rule rather than providing any real rationale for the postal rule. [ 1 ]. The Law of Contract, 11th Edition, 2003 page 25 [ 2 ]. Stevenson P. J, 2010 [ 3 ]. (1818) 1 BA 681 [ 4 ]. Henthorn v Fraser (1892) 2 Ch. 27 [ 5 ]. Stevenson P. J, 2010

Free Essays on Sexual Liberation

women and sexual beings did not belong in the same sentence. In early American culture, especially that of Christianity, women were to engage in intercourse with their husbands for the sole purposes of procreation and pleasing their mate. Women were viewed as the weaker sex and they were supposed to uphold the ideals of Christian morals (O’Neill, 1972). They were also expected to save themselves for marriage (Fisher, 1999). In the mid 1800’s, William Hammond, the surgeon-general of the United States, wrote: â€Å"The belief that women had a sexual appetite was a vile aspersion. Nine-tenths of the time decent women felt not the slightest pleasure in sexual experience (Colton, 1971). Charles Kligerman, and American psychoanalyst, stated: â€Å"Procreation in marriage was the only excuse for sexual activity and engaging in it for any other purpose-even as an act of love-was sinful (Swerdloff, 1975).† In both instances, it is obvious that women were definitely not to enjoy sexual experiences. In the Victorian era, it was noted that women were to tolerate men’s sexual needs as a part of marital duty (Safilios-Rothschild, 1977). Also, the women were all but required by law to be virgins at the time of marriage. However, the same standard was not upheld for men. Sigmund Freud, arguably the most well known name in psychology, gave h... Free Essays on Sexual Liberation Free Essays on Sexual Liberation Women’s Roles as Sexual Beings Throughout most of history, the notion of women and sex was simply unheard of. Women were forbidden to demonstrate a sexual prowess and sexual oppression took many forms from female circumcision to society-issued gender roles. In the last twenty-five years or so, women have started their own sexual liberation. However, women are still living a double standard when it comes to issues relating to sex. I feel that sexual liberation and equality is extremely important for both men and women and unfortunately, there is still an inequality. Until recently in our history, the words women and sexual beings did not belong in the same sentence. In early American culture, especially that of Christianity, women were to engage in intercourse with their husbands for the sole purposes of procreation and pleasing their mate. Women were viewed as the weaker sex and they were supposed to uphold the ideals of Christian morals (O’Neill, 1972). They were also expected to save themselves for marriage (Fisher, 1999). In the mid 1800’s, William Hammond, the surgeon-general of the United States, wrote: â€Å"The belief that women had a sexual appetite was a vile aspersion. Nine-tenths of the time decent women felt not the slightest pleasure in sexual experience (Colton, 1971). Charles Kligerman, and American psychoanalyst, stated: â€Å"Procreation in marriage was the only excuse for sexual activity and engaging in it for any other purpose-even as an act of love-was sinful (Swerdloff, 1975).† In both instances, it i s obvious that women were definitely not to enjoy sexual experiences. In the Victorian era, it was noted that women were to tolerate men’s sexual needs as a part of marital duty (Safilios-Rothschild, 1977). Also, the women were all but required by law to be virgins at the time of marriage. However, the same standard was not upheld for men. Sigmund Freud, arguably the most well known name in psychology, gave h...

1000 Posts, And A Favor To Ask

1000 Posts, And A Favor To Ask 1000 Posts, And A Favor To Ask 1000 Posts, And A Favor To Ask By Daniel Scocco Last week I was browsing through the control panel of our blog and I noticed a curious fact: we are already over 1000 published posts! To be precise, this one is post number 1011. I was pleasantly surprised to find that out. The main challenge of any blog or website is to persist over the long term, as the first year is probably the hardest. We managed to do that, and the blog is going quite well. We receive around 250,000 unique visitors every month. On top of that there are over 30,000 subscribers who receive our posts via email or RSS. If you are one of those visitors or subscribers, thank you! I also wanted to ask a favor. If you like our tips and think that other people could benefit from them, we would love if you could recommend the blog. If you have a blog or website of your own, for instance, you could write about Daily Writing Tips there. If you have a Twitter or Facebook account, you could share our link there. You could even recommend us verbally to friends and relatives. We would really appreciate it, and this kind of support keeps us motivated to improve the blog and provide as much value as possible through our posts. We have some good things planned for 2010, so stay tuned! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About HandsDawned vs. Donned1,462 Basic Plot Types

RE Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

RE - Term Paper Example Although God is considered to be a part of just the Christian-based religions, there are many people that would be shocked to find that even in religions where God, as Himself, does not exist, the deities of that religion take on the same purposes and qualities of God. Even in the religions that do not acknowledge any form of a god still has a deity or religious being that fulfills the same duties and requirements. Religions such as Buddhism, folk religions, and Hinduism regard God in ways that are entirely unique and beneficial to their religious paths, with many of these beings not considered God-like, or god-like, at all. Buddhism is a religious path as well as a philosophical lifestyle that, despite its age, has found itself the center of most New Age practitioners. Unlike most organized religions, Buddhism does not recognize a supreme, invisible being in the same sense that the Christian-related religions do. In Buddhism, the person honored and followed is Gautama Buddha, the original founder of Buddhism. Gautama Buddha was also a teacher of Buddhism, promoting and teaching peace, harmony, and enlightenment through meditation, yoga, and other activities to help center and ground the mind and body. While the Buddha did not perform miracles, and nor was he worshipped or prayed to, just merely honored and regarded in the highest light, he still fulfilled what it meant to be the god or deity of a religion (Armstrong, 2004). He was the person that his followers looked up to and viewed as their leader, as well as the one who could direct the practitioners onto their individual paths of enlightenment. As previously mentioned, Buddha was not worshipped in the typical sense that God or a deity would be worshipped. He was simply viewed as the founder and teacher of this spiritual and philosophical path. After his death, his monks, similar to the apostles of the Christian faith, took over passing on the information, knowledge, and teachings onto those that wished

Design Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design Proposal - Assignment Example John Hopkins evidenced based model provides a strong and powerful problem-solving approach when making decision in the clinical setting. Tools that are user-friendly accompany it. The tools are for guiding group and individual users. Nurses should utilize the model because it has been designed to attain  the needs of the  nurse  practising. It is a very important framework that guides the synthesis and translation of evidence into clinical practice. Mechanically ventilated patients are susceptible to pneumonia resulting in a higher rate of getting complications and mortality. There is an increased risk of acquiring nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients due to supine positioning. As a result of acquiring nosocomial pneumonia, the cost involved in treatment increases and the length of hospitalization is also increased. Patients  critically ill in  the  ICU  are at a risk of dying from their critical illness as well as a secondary process such as nosocomial pneumonia. Nosocomial pneumonia affects 28 percent of the critically ill patients with an incidence rate of 6 to 10 cases in 1000 hospital admissions. For this reason, proper patient positioning is very essential. Collaboration  and teamwork are  crucial  to the success of the project. My team will be composed of five key members. Among them will include an intensive care doctor with training on  care  of  the critically ill patients and a registered critical care nurse with special training in critical care of the critically ill patients. The two specialists will provide resourceful knowledge on care of the patients. A nurse educator will also be incorporated in the team to provide education on the importance proper positioning of the patients and an ICU respiratory therapist who are important in patient rehabilitation to recovery from respiratory conditions. The last team member will be a physiotherapist who will be focused on promoting

Nakata’s Story Essay Example for Free

Nakata’s Story Essay He does after all state in an interview on the authors official Murakami website (:http://www. randomhouse. com/features/murakami)) â€Å"Myths are the prototype for all stories. When we write a story on our own it cant help but link up with all sorts of Myths. † His works explore how ancient myths can impact the lives of even a normal teenaged boy like Kafka Tamura, and how those myths interweave with Japanese culture even in today’s more Westernized Japan. Kafka’s journey begins in a library which I would interpret as being key to understanding who Kafka is. He loves reading and books and has been taught to value knowledge. In a very real sense this is true for Kafka since knowledge is the one thing that will ensure his survival on his journey of self discovery. There Kafka meets a young trans-gendered librarian named Oshima who suffers from a form of rare hemophilia. Oshima also acts as a guide who leads’s Kafka to the gates to the underworld. This is where Kafka will discover what truly happened to his mother and sister, as well as what kind of man his father really is. The final guide on Kafka’s Journey of self discovery is the Head Librarian of the Komura Library, Miss Saeki. Kafka gets the strangest feeling when he is around her that she might be his long lost mother. This is where the novel starts tying into the Ancient Greek myth of Oedipus. The tale of Oedipus( Sophocles, The Oedipus Trilogy; Project Gutenberg: http//www. gutenberg. org) is from a play by the Greek playwright Sophocles about a King who is told by fortune-teller that if his pregnant wife bears a son that the child will grow up to kill his father, and have sexual relations with his mother. The play is very tragic but Murakami’s story although tragic in some places is filled with a very subtle light. Kafka has some rather severe issues regarding the disappearance of his mother when he was four. As a four year old he was told by his father that much as Oedipus he would end up in an incestuous relationship with his mother. In a way this becomes a self fulfilling prophecy for Kafka as he falls in love with Miss Saeki whom he suspects is his mother. He states to his spirit guide Crow â€Å"I am in love with Miss Saeki. † (p. 400 Kafka on the Shore: Vintage Paperbacks, 2005) and from this point on Miss Saeki becomes the focus of his obsession. Kafka feels conflicted over his mother’s abandonment. He never understood why his mother left, and apparently his father never explained to him why she left. Part of this sense of abandonment is what has lead Kafka to run away from home. Shortly after arriving at the library Kafka finds himself unconscious in a pile of brush at the side of the road with no memory of what had happened to him. He is covered in blood yet un-injured, and he calls Sakura for help. After she picks him up they have a sexual encounter at her apartment. After this he heads back to the library and decides he cannot return to the hotel he has been living in. Oshima offers Kafka the option of remaining in a cabin that Oshimas’ family owns in the mountains until Oshima can arrange for Kafka to take up residence in one of the rooms that is available at the library. It is here that Kafka begins to wonder if his experience with Sakura was the right thing to do as he suspects Sakura is his sister. Upon moving into the library Kafka hears from Oshima the tragic story of Mss Saeki’s life. According to Oshima â€Å"Miss Saeki’s basically stopped at twenty, when her lover died. No, maybe not age twenty, maybe much earlier†¦.. I don’t know the details. But, you need to be aware of this. The hands of the Japanese Dreams clock buried inside her soul ground to a halt then. Time outside, of course flows on as always, but she isn’t affected by it. † (p 161; Kafka on The Shore; Vintage Paperbacks, 2005). It is from this point that Kafka begins to develop an almost Oedipal obsession over a woman who may, or may not be his biological mother. It is also around the same time that Kafka discovers that his sculptor father has been murdered in a rather gory fashion in Tokyo. It is from here that Kafka’s tale takes on a truly dreamlike quality when he flees to Oshima’s cabin in the woods fearing that he will be accused of the murder of his father. This is what leads into the tale of the second main character.

Physics of a Car Essay -- Physics Car Driving machine Essays

Physics of a Car The average driver doesn’t think about what keeps their car moving or what keeps them on the road, but that’s because they don’t have to. The average driver doesn’t have to worry about having enough downforce to keep them on the road or if they will reach the adhesive limit of their car’s tires around a turn. These are the things are the car designers, professional drivers, racing pit crews, serious sports car owners, and physicist think about. Physics are an important part of every sports and racing car design. The stylish curves and ground effects on sports cars are usually there not just for form but function as well allowing you to go speeds over 140 mph in most serious sports cars and remain on the road and in reasonable control.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The aerodynamic efficiency is the single most important element in designing a competitive car for professional racing or getting the car model on the front of a Car and Driver or Motortrend. Aerodynamics is the study of the motion of gases on objects and the forces created by this motion. The Bernoulli effect is one of the most important behind car design. The Bernoulli Effect states that the pressure of a fluid, in gaseous or liquid state, varies inversely with speed or velocity and a slower moving fluid will exert more pressure on and object than the same fluid moving slower (Yager). The goal of car designers is to make the air passing under a car move faster than the air passing over the car. This causes the air passing over the car to create more downforce than the air passing under the car creates upforce creating a force additional to the car’s weight pushing the car to the road. Large amounts of downforce are needed to keep light cars grounded at high speed and keep to cars from sliding around turns at high speeds. The Venturi Effect is also an important in aerodynamic design. The Venturi Effect states that as a fluid, in gaseous or liquid state passes through a narrow space its speed increases (Yager). This is the reasoning behind keeping cars as close to the ground as they can be safely. The narrow space between the car and the ground increases the speed of the air flowing beneath it causing a decrease in pressure to do the Bernoulli Effect and increase in downforce. The Venturi Effect is the reason for front ground effects, which feature small air ducts or venturi tunnels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...both worlds for its purpose, the dragster. The Dragster has extremely wide rear tires for acceleration and to keep it going straight. The dragster has extremely thin tires in the front to reduce rolling resistance and because handling is not a concern the car goes in a straight line it does not need to turn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to have a fast and efficient car all these things I have discussed need to be taken into consideration. A fast car should be designed with aerodynamic surfaces for a balance of maximum production of downforce and minimum drag creating surfaces. It should have as small an engine as possible to reduce mass and reduce the necessary size of the frontal area, but a large enough engine to be able to produce enough horsepower to be able to create more force than the resistance the car faces to accelerate and enough to balance with those forces at high speeds. The tires should be wide enough for fast acceleration and good cornering but not so wide it creates large amounts of rolling resistance. Your overall best example of such a car would be formula one races or Indy cars because they have to have good handling, fast acceleration and reach and maintain high speeds.

Can We Talk

CAN WE TALK? RESEARCHER TALKS ABOUT THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN HAPPY MARRIAGES JOSEPH BUTLER COM 200 INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION PAUL HUBBLE September 11, 2012 Yes I can relate to the article on the importance of self- disclosure in relationships, without revealing this sensitive information about one’s inner desires or should I say one’s personal feelings there will be limited knowledge of that person’s private feelings in the relationship.Terri Orbuch, a research scientist at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan wrote; â€Å"In 1987, a review in the journal of sex and Marital Therapy found that higher rates of self- disclosure were tied with higher rates of marital satisfaction. Expression of love and support was also linked to happy marriages. † Tribune News Service [Washington] 17Jan 2011. My spouse had this very hard way of expressing her inner feelings to me. We lived each day wandering or trying to figure out what to say to one another at times.Also we would live and sleep together as strangers without knowing what or if a problem exist in the relationship. It is hard to live with someone and not know that person in the relationship, intimately or sexually. Yes, I agree that self- disclosure is important to satisfaction in relationship. Yes, there are certain similarities in gender concerning the role played by each in a relationship. Terri Orbuch who wrote;† Affective Affirmation†Ã¢â‚¬â€Basically, behavior that makes your partner feel loved, cared for or special—plays a role in happy marriages and that men need it more than women. † Tribune News Service [Washington] 17 Jan 2011.Doris Wild Helmering, Happy Marriages, part two wrote; â€Å"People who have good marriages are not critical of each other. The spouses realize that their partners have flaws and no one is perfect. When they see shortcomings in their spouse, they smile and think, â€Å"So what†, or â€Å"W ho cares? † With flaws that they are not able to easily discount, they ask their spouse for help. † [St. Louis,Mo. ] 02 Oct. My spouse and I find a common ground, if one think there is a problem let the other know so that we do not have to live with the problem. No, I do not think I fit into the generalization regarding ender. I live open minded and flexible in my relationship with a spouse.Reference Doris, W. H. (1995, Oct 02), Happy Marriages, part- two. St. Louis Post- Dispatch (pre- 1997 Full text), pp. 04-04, E. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/305087665? accountid=32521Schoen Shoenberg, N. (2011Jan 17), Can We Talk? Researcher talks about the role of communication in happy marriages. McClatchy – Tribune News Service,pp. n/a. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/840600645? accountid=32521Schoen

Forces in International Business

Has its hands in many international product manufacturing. They do are effected on a daily basis by the different forces of international business and ethical issues. These forces were assembled, and one of their ethical issues were evaluated. Forces in International Business There are multiple forces that effect international business.These forces are calculators forces, natural resources and environmental sustainability, political and trade forces, intellectual property and other legal forces, the international and monetary system and financial forces. All of these forces are things that influence Samsung Co. On a daily basis. Along with these forces, Samsung is also tasked by ethical issues that come imposed on almost every international country. These forces are some of the founding forces that international businesses are built on and effected by on a daily basis.Calculators Forces The first of the forces covered is the calculators force. In order to understand what Calculators Forces are, we must understand what calculators is. The Merriam-Webster dictionary describes calculators as a combination of social and ultra factors. (â€Å"Calculators. † Merriam-Webster. ) Dictionary. Com defines it as, â€Å"the combination or interaction of social and cultural factors†. (â€Å"Calculators. † Dictionary. Com) From these two definitions social and cultural are the two big factors. Are hundreds of different ways to define culture, and it's a very broad term.The book, International Business, lays down some good fundamentals about what culture is. The first point that International Business says about culture, is that it is learned, and not born with. This means that Just because you're born somewhere, soonest necessarily mean you will adapt to the culture, but spending a lot of time around people who are immersed in the culture will allow you to adapt to it. This can be a major benefit or drawback. It does allow people to move to new areas of t he world and eventually adapt to their culture, but it can take a lot of time and energy.The second point is that different parts of culture are interrelated. This second is more of a logical relation of culture, it's basically defining that you can't have some parts of culture without others. The third major point that is outlined is that â€Å"culture s shared, patterned and mutually constructed through social interactions†. (Ball, Donald). This point is very interesting, and what defines culture. Throughout the world we see many different cultures, influenced by religion, and regions, and we can see how some cultures have greatly impacted other parts of the world and their culture.Because culture is shared through social interactions, we can actually start to see a lot blending of cultures through the internet. Through the article Blending Cultures via Computer in The International Journal of New Media, it discusses the lending of European art and culture blending into par ts of Chinese Contemporary artists. Without the social interactions through online sources, this is something that would have never been possible. The last major point that is made by International Business, is that culture defines the boundaries of different groups.An example made in that book is how Americans are clock-watchers. A lot of cultures don't follow a similar pattern, and it makes Americans seem to always be in a rush. This makes them appear unfriendly, arrogant, and untrustworthy, because it's not something that's globally accepted. Another interesting point on this topic is how culture varies so much even within a single country itself, and can even vary inside small areas. The best example of this that is very well known, is how people in the younger generation from the bay area in California are known for saying â€Å"hell†.This is something that's only sprung up within the last few years, but is very common in that culture, and saying it outside of even the b ay area of California allows people to determine where you're from very quickly. A huge part of socio-cultural is the constantly changing of customers preference. Samsung was able to capitalize on one of these changes not too long ago, and was able to help turn the phone industry upside down. Before 2007 Monika was the king of the cellular industry, and had complete market dominance, until apple stepped on the scene which completely changed the phone market.They added in a whole new experience to the phone market. † The hysteria surrounding the phone made Samsung sit up and take notice†( Bandit, Rural) Samsung had a share in the phone market, and capitalized on the trend that apple started. They were able to acquire a contract with Google's operating system, android. Monika refused to adapt to the trend, and Samsung was able to take the leap and Jump ahead of Monika in 2011 as the largest market share of mobile devices.The article How Does Socio-cultural Environment Impa ct a Business sums up Samsung success greatly, † Samsung, the minnow when Monika was the shark, is now the largest handset manufacturer in the world, and in the process, has outdone Apple's phone, which many consider to be the innovation on which most modern smartness are modeled. † (Bandit, Rural) Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability. The second major force is natural resources and environmental sustainability. This force can be split into the two different sections of natural resources, and environmental sustainability.Along with those two different sections there is geography which plays a semi-significant part on this force, and also Porter's Diamond to help analyze competitive advantage. Geography has a lot of possible effects on a company. Google gives a great definition of geography, stating that it's â€Å"the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries. † (Natural Resources – Google Search) Geography is very broad, and covers everything from topography of a region to climate.These things can have a large impact on how a country defines itself. Mountains can separate a entire section of a country from the rest, thus leading them to having distinct cultures, industries and climate. It can even lead to boundaries such as deserts or forests that act as barriers between two separate regions. (Ball, Donald) These barriers cause different needs based on the area, even though they may simply be in the same country. Porters Diamond helps analyze businesses based on four aspects of a country's economic environment.The four conditions the assessment is based off of are; factor conditions; related and supporting industries; demand conditions; and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Porters Diamond from assess the business with a high emphasis on the countries geographical attributes as a core part of its factors, and those with the most favorable diamonds are going to be the most successful. (Ball, Donald) ( Michael E. Porter) Natural Resources play a huge factor into the economic viability of a company, and owe and where a company can be successful.Google does well defining natural resources as â€Å"materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain. † (Non-renewable Resource. † Wisped) In the book, International Business it puts a lot of emphasis on the statement that natural resources are anything that's supplied by nature which people depend on. This book also relates that both energy and unfelt minerals play an important role to business. Energy is used daily without a though, but is a very valuable natural resource, if not the most valuable..There are two major types of energy, renewable, and nonrenewable. A non renewable energy resource â €Å"is a resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames. â€Å"( â€Å"Renewable Energy. † Wisped) Some examples of nonrenewable energy resources are petroleum, coal, and natural gas. A renewable energy resource â€Å"generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale. † (8) Some examples of renewable energy resources sunlight, wind, rain, waves, and geothermal heat.Environmental Sustainability in business has three characteristics that are widely agreed upon; limits, interdependence, and equity. (Ball, Donald) The first of these three characteristics is limits. Limits is a basic term to serve as a reminder on the reality that environment resources are exhaustible, and that they can become toxic. The previous trend of global warming or global climate change is a great example of a limit, and how it's being impacted. The second characte ristic is interdependence. Interdependence is defined as the relationship between ecological, social, and economic systems. Ball, Donald). This book goes on to define that an effect in one these systems will affect the other two. The last characteristic is equity. Equity is essentially applying limits to interdependence. In order of Interdependence to work, there cannot be large differences in the distribution gains. This essentially means that it isn't viable to go into an area and take extreme profits without eventual resistance. Samsung is a company that takes its social responsibility, environmental responsibility, and sustainability incredibly seriously.In 2013 Samsung released its 2 page sustainability report, regarding topics such as: â€Å"Creating Shared Value and Giving Back with Samsung Products, Social Responsibility: Making Contributions around the Globe, Echo Product, Water Management, and a 50 page green/echo product environmental report† (â€Å"Samsung â€⠀œ Global Harmony. † Www. Samsung. Com) Directly from Samsung engineering website, this is their vision, † Samsung Engineering seeks to improve conditions around the world through our social contribution programs.Company-wide, we utilize our strengths and resources to benefit local communities and help children and families in need. Individually, our employees are encouraged to take part in the many volunteer programs offered by the company. † Since 2006 Samsung has been trying to enhance their energy efficiency, and respectability in their production. They've even implemented a â€Å"Echo-Design Process† to evaluate the echo-friendless of each new product during the development stage. † . In 2012, the company set up comprehensive water conservation plans and expanded its efforts to reduce the consumption of water resources around the world. (â€Å"Samsung – Global Harmony. † Www. Samsung. Com) Samsung has not taken being a leader in loba r technology lightly, they're fully applying a lot pressure to help with the sustainability of their resources, and other resources around the globe. Helping many charities and different organizations to try to help sustain our planet and keep their business profitable. Political and Trade Forces Political and trade forces are Just as important in any country as its culture and environment. This is because of the major impacts that governments can have on firms.A hospitable and stable government can encourage investment and growth despite geographic or weather barriers, or even the scarcity of natural resources. The exact opposite is true as well. A hostile or unstable government can completely kill of almost any possible investments in an area, regardless of the area's natural resources of geography. Some of the major points in the political and trade forces are government stability, and trade restrictions. Government stability can have a huge impact on business.When government sta bility is defined, there are two different possible definitions. Government stability can be defined as the government's ability to maintain itself and stay in power, or it can be defined as the permanence of the government's policies. Ball, Donald) A business is able to be at its most prosperous when the government is able to keep both of these definitions intact. â€Å"Instability on the other hand is when a government cannot maintain itself in power or makes sudden, unpredictable, or radical policy changes.It is hard for business to flourish when government is unstable. † (Ball, Donald) Business can operate under almost any set of rules and restrictions, though some are much more difficult to operate under than others. The biggest issue is when government policies are constantly changing. The reason this is difficult is cause frequent changes cause business difficulties when complying to rules and regulations. This can cause business to have to change their business models or how they operate almost overnight. With changing policies it can potentially grind some firms too halt.Trade restrictions can be one of the biggest problems when operating an international firm. There are a lot of arguments for trade restrictions such as: national defense, sanctions to punish offending nations, protect infant industry, protect domestic Jobs from cheap foreign labor, scientific tariff or fair competition, retaliation, dumping and subsidies. Some of these have a much higher impact than others, but all of these are great arguments towards trade restriction. One of the best of these arguments stems from developing nations requesting barriers on imports of competing products.This allows the developing country to sustain itself and build up it's on infrastructure while developing products that might be common place elsewhere. The argument is that a new industry needs time develop and gain experience before being forced to compete with worldwide competition. Another go od argument is the national defense argument. This argument basically requests hat there are trade restrictions on certain industry imports, and that they're vital for security, and must be kept operating even though they are not competitive with the foreign suppliers. Ball, Donald) The reason for these vital industries are so that during times of immediate war a country wouldn't suffer from unnecessary problems because they're not able to have the proper defense equipment. This could range from guns and tanks, to as simple as shoes. Having an insufficient supply of footwear at times of war can cause a lack of shoes for civilians and soldiers which can lead to unnecessary casualties. These trade restrictions arguments all raise their own valid points and each have their own benefits and negativisms.Ever since the introduction of Samsung smartness they have been in legal battles all over the world with Apple trying to make it legal for them to sell their phones, and not be infringing on copy right laws. Almost every country has had their own legal battle with Samsung and apple with new ones emerging every day. With Samsung being based on South Korea they were able to have a lot of political influence there. In the article , Korea Fair Trade Commission clears Samsung use of tankard-essential patents against Apple, it refers to how Samsung used its power in Korea to basically influence these decisions.With Samsung being a massive part of Koreans market they were able to get their essentials patents against Apple cleared allowing them to continue operation as usual. (â€Å"SAMSUNG ENGINEERING. † Samsung Engineering) Intellectual Property and Other Legal Forces The fourth of the international environmental forces is intellectual property and other legal forces. The best way to sum up this section is given by, International Business, saying â€Å"International business is affected by many thousands of laws and isolations issued by states, nations, and intern ational organizations. The reason this is a really outstanding summary is because not only are international businesses subject to the laws of the countries they operate in, but also the states and even cities they are based in. The other few main points of this section include international legal forces, international dispute settlement, and intellectual property. International legal forces are governed by international laws. International laws can be divided into two subcategories, public international law and private international law.Public international law can be defined as the relations between governments, including laws concerning diplomatic relations and all matters and obligations of those nations. (Ball, Donald) Private international law are the laws concerning the transactions of individuals and companies crossing international borders. (â€Å"Private International Law. † U. S. Department of State) International laws come from several different sources, but the m ain and most important of these are treaties between nations. Ball, Donald) A treaty is basically an agreement under international law, and can also be known as â€Å"an agreement, protocol, covenant, invention, pact, or exchange of letters, and all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same† (â€Å"Treaty. † Wisped) Some International organizations have been created to provide a forum to help create treaties between different countries. A few examples of these would the United Nations or the European Union.Handling international laws are great, but without being able to enforce them they lead nowhere, this is where international dispute settlement comes in. Litigation is the process conducted in order to determine and enforce legal rights, this is essentially the investigation process behind laws such as international treaties. This process can be incredibly complicated and expensive, and in additi on to the trial itself the process can require a pretrial. A pretrial is essentially an pre investigation which requires all facts and relevant information to the litigation from both sides to come forth. Ball, Donald) The other part of international dispute settlement is arbitration. Arbitration is a process agreed to by both parties that instead of going to court, they will attend a neutral person or party the makes a binding decision. Legal Dictionary gives a great summary of arbitration, saying † Arbitration is a well- established and widely used means to end disputes. It is one of several kinds of Alternative Dispute Resolution, which provide parties to a controversy with a choice other than litigation.Unlike litigation, arbitration takes place out of court: the two sides select an impartial third party, known as an arbitrator; agree in advance to comply with the arbitrator's award; and then participate in a hearing at which both sides can present evidence and testimony. The arbitrator's decision is usually final, and courts rarely reexamine it. (10) Intellectual property encompasses many different exclusive manufacturing rights. These are patents, trademarks, trade names, copyrights, each which have their own separate meaning and purpose.A patent in the United States is defined as, â€Å"an intellectual property right granted by the Government of the United States of America to an inventor â€Å"to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling the invention throughout the United States or importing the invention into the United States† for a limited time in exchange for public disclosure of the invention when the patent is granted. (11) A trademark or trade name can be defined as, â€Å"A shape, a color, design, catchy phrase, abbreviation, or sound used by merchants or manufacturers to designate and differentiate their products. (Ball, Donald) A copy right is, â€Å"Exclusive legal rights of authors, composers, creator s of software, playwrights, artists, and publishers to publish and dispose of their works† and are protected under the Berne Convention of 1886 which is adhered to by 164 countries. (Ball, Donald) Possibly one of the biggest legal battles regarding intellectual property in history is a battle still being fought today. That battle is Apple Inc v. Samsung Electronics Co. These cases are strictly regarding the design of smartness and tablets.The spring of 2011 apple began litigation over several patent infringements by Samsung. (United States District Court) Eventually the litigation opened up to 19 different cases spanning across ten different countries. (Liableness, Chloe) A basic summary of this case is that apple patented the shape of its phone and the color design and layout of its SO right before the release of the first Phone in 2007. In 2011 Apple opened up some cases against Samsung referring to Samsung breaking patents, trademarks, ND the use of its style over multiple devices. (â€Å"Apple Inc. . Samsung Electronics Co. , Ltd. † Wisped. ) After a few months in dispute apple submitted evidence of side by side comparison between an phone and a specific galaxy model. This evidence turned out to be tampered with which lead to even further investigation. (Liableness, Chloe) Since the cases were opened, there have been multiple trials and appeals. This has lead to some countries fully banning Samsung products, and countries punishing Apple forcing them to essentially pay to Samsung for slandering their name. (â€Å"Apple Inc. V. Samsung Electronics Co. , Ltd. Wisped. ) International Monetary Arrangements and Terrorism International monetary system and terrorism have a large impact on how some international businesses are able to operate. One of the major factors in the international monetary system is Foreign Exchange. The reason why this is a large factory is because most corporations like to do business in their own currency, because then the y don't have to assume the risk that can come with currency exchange. (Ball, Donald). This is prevalent because it can cause major problems when converting to other currencies.Samsung being one of the world largest manufacturers and suppliers of electronics faces themselves working with many different currency on a daily basis. Being the largest Smartened supplier in the world they deal with a large amount of exchanges. This is because some of their phone parts are produced in different nations, and then sold in almost of every country around the world. Ethical Issue One of the probably the biggest ethical issues faced before Samsung is the entire child labor debacle in 2012. In 2012 Samsung was investigated for using illegal labor practices in their Chinese manufacturing facilities.The claims against Samsung were that in some cases were that employees were working 16 hour days, and also that some employees were under the legal working age of 16 years old. (windcheaters. Com) After the investigations were complete Samsung was found guilty of these practices, but that they were not the ones responsible for these practices. They were able to essentially cover their tracks in these cases and switch a majority of the blame. (Grandson, Odin) Samsung probably didn't portray Christian values in this situation, as they were not respecting the laws in that country.This is finitely a large issue in the manufacturing process, as it is able to provide cheap labor for their company. Conclusion Samsung is an international company that is effected by the different international force of business on a daily basis. These forces determine everything from where and when to sell products, how to ship, where to manufacture a long with a multitude of other things. Samsung is also faced with ethical issues. Through the thick and thin Samsung has been able to use these forces to put themselves at the head of the pack becoming a leader in international electronic manufacturing. Forces in International Business Introduction McDonald’s is a corporation from the United States that has done a great deal of business internationally for many years, and is well-known globally. McDonald’s is listed at number 378 on Fortune’s Global 500 list, and brought in over $22 billion in revenues in 2010. Sociocultural Forces Sociocultural forces include the different aspects of understanding that exist in one culture in comparison to another. These aspects include aesthetics, religion, language, education, etc.It is important to remember that culture is not something that is innate to specific persons, but is rather something that is learned through experiencing the culture. Along those lines, culture is also shared between all of the members of the culture, and all aspects of it are interrelated. In fact, group boundaries are caused by culture and set persons feeling towards different actions. The concept that one’s own culture is better than another is called ethnocentrism. Natu ral Resources and Environmental SustainabilityThe second force encompasses natural resources and environmental sustainability. Natural resources are based upon location within the world and advantages that these resources give a nation relative to the rest of the world. Some of these resources are limited, and over time if taken into account can become depleted or cause harm to the environment in another way. The concern for the sustainability of these resources should be of some concern to businesses operating internationally because it affects their decisions and the decisions of those they are negotiating with as well.Economic and Socioeconomic Forces Economic and socioeconomic forces also play parts as forces that affect different countries. The economic forces include different levels of economic development; including developed, developing, and newly industrialized countries/economies. Socioeconomics affect the economies of different countries and regions individually based on their own social norms. Power levels can be defined by the strength of the economy that either a country or a business has as well.This concept is also intertwined with the concept of exchange rates. Political Forces Political forces affect countries and businesses as well. Some political forces include nationalism, national or international conflicts, international organizations, and types of governments such as: communism, socialism, and capitalism. Whether a country is conservative or liberal can also play a part in the politics of a region. Political forces spill into the international legal system too which makes them of great concern to businesses.A major part of political forces in regards to business is trade restrictions or tariffs which cost the business more money to export or boycott their business altogether. Intellectual Property and Other Legal Forces International business can be influenced by concepts of intellectual property and other legal forces as well. One maj or legal force that can influence a business’s decisions is international law. International law is divided into both public and private laws. Public international law revolves around relations between governments including the rights and obligations of sovereign nations.Private international law lords over the transactions made by individuals and companies in regards to international borders. Intellectual property comes from a person or company’s intellect, and these ideas are protected by laws which include the use of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets. Financial Forces and the International Monetary System Financial forces including the international monetary system which contains financial institutions, agreements, rules, and processes play a major part in the decisions that businesses make in regards to international markets.The value of a country’s currency as well as the exchange rates relative to either their floating currency or their be ing on the gold standard is a huge factor to consider as a business negotiating across borders. Most businesses will hedge their investments in order to protect themselves from losing money due to constantly changing rates of exchange. Labor Forces Finally, the seventh force affecting international business has to do with labor. Classifications such as size and average age of a workforce, as well s unemployment rates, all affect the manner in which an international business reacts to its current and potential workforce. A major issue making its mark on the global economy right now is brain drain, which causes the skilled workers of a developing country to migrate for greater professional and economic reasons. All of these forces must be taken into account when involved internationally as business. McDonald’s Cultural Forces In the book Golden Arches East, the author discusses how when McDonald’s moved their business into the Far East, they were forced to reevaluate the culture there.In Japan especially, the idea that America exists in a class of its own is a type of fantasy that prevails in the fondest thoughts of those who consider it. For Japan, McDonald’s is a symbol of this fantastic culture, and brings in many customers because of this (especially from the younger population). â€Å"From the perspective of the ‘civilizing process’ McDonald’s†¦[has]†¦helped to create an entirely new concept of manners. † (p. 181) says Watson (1997). Through the introduction of fast food into the culture, McDonald’s has introduced an entirely new concept of manners to this culture.The book also discusses how the high amount of rice in the diet there also affected their business decisions. Watson (1997) states, â€Å"’McDonald’s’ has gained ample recognition among Japanese consumers. However, our image is that of a light-meal restaurant for young people. We are not regarded as a place for adults to have dinner. † (p. 164) McDonald’s is not a fast-food restaurant there as it is in the US, but rather a trendy place to get a snack. McDonald’s and the Environment McDonald’s Economic ForcesWages paid to citizens of European countries have a high ratio of variability, and therefore McDonald’s had to adjust their pricing and payment strategies when they entered the European market. (Royle, 2000, p. 158). Royle states, â€Å"[U]nions [in Germany] had to accept the possibility of even lower wage† (p. 158). In addition, executives in many European countries were hired for just a â€Å"fistful of dollars† (Royle, 2000, p. 165). The pricing systems for their menus had to be adjusted based on the expectations that the economy had for them as well.This caused a serious change which McDonald’s had to adjust to in order to achieve success in this new environment (Royle, 2000, p. 167-169). McDonald’s Political Forces Polit ics also holds a great deal of power over wages paid in each country McDonald’s moves its business into. Royle talks about different wages that are required by governments in European countries, â€Å"†¦for example, in addition to the basic Danish kroner per hour, workers receive an additional DKr 9. 15 per hour for any hours worked during Monday to Friday between 6:00 p. m. nd midnight† (p. 163). There are several other stipulations on payment that are made by law that Royle lists throughout the rest of the chapter. In addition, McDonald’s is constantly under fire from several interest groups who are trying to make sure that McDonald’s uses humanely raised and slaughtered animals from suppliers that have shown concern about this. This is another political pressure that concerns McDonald’s as they attempt to meet the cultural standards for the ethical treatment of animals. McDonald’s Legal Forces McDonald’s Financial ForcesMcDona ld’s Labor Forces McDonald’s has a massive workforce worldwide which it uses to expand and maintain its numerous international ventures. Hamburger University is a training program used specifically to train new leaders for the McDonald’s workforce. At a location in Shanghai, China, admission is a competitive opportunity. â€Å"[M]ore than 26 percent of China’s 6. 3 million college graduates were unemployed as of July 1† (Wei, 2011), this means that McDonald’s is able to choose who they want to apprentice at Hamburger University.McDonald’s hopes to grow from 1,300 stores to 2,000 in China by 2013 (Wei, 2011), and Hamburger University will be a major part of meeting the labor requirements for that goal. References Adams, C. (2007). Reframing the Obesity Debate: McDonald’s Role May Surprise You. Journal of Law, Business, & Ethics, 35(1), 154-157. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1748-720X. 2007. 00120. x Ball, D. , Geringer, M. , Minor, M. , & Mc Nett, J. (2009). International Business: The Challenge of Global Competition. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Royle, T. (2000). Working for McDonald’s in Europe: Unequal Struggle?.London: Routledge. Watson, J. L. (1997). Golden Arches East: McDonald’s in East Asia. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Wei, M. (2011). Hamburger University Shanghai is Sizzling. Business Week. Retrieved from http://www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/11_06/b42140224816 05. htm http://site. ebrary. com/lib/calbaptist/docDetail. action? docID=10130868 http://site. ebrary. com/lib/calbaptist/docDetail. action? docID=10093669 http://www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/11_06/b4214022481605. htm http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? id=21&sid=4dbd75e7-4603-4bc6-b27f-659024024242%40sessionmgr12&vid=1&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bsh&AN=6548577 http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? hid=21&sid=1689342b-eff5-4b11-bd46-334cdb6d982f%40sessionmgr4&vid=2 http:/ /web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? hid=21&sid=0d1c68a6-c38a-433c-b083-e62eeb6477a2%40sessionmgr15&vid=2 http://libproxy. calbaptist. edu:2078/ehost/detail? vid=14&hid=19&sid=76bace0c-5005-49d0-bae3-8988a91b1f5e%40sessionmgr13&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aph&AN=24181440 Reframing the Obesity Debate: McDonald's Role May Surprise You.

Expedient vs. Expeditious

Expedient vs. Expeditious â€Å"Expedient† vs. â€Å"Expeditious† â€Å"Expedient† vs. â€Å"Expeditious† By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between expedient and expeditious? The words were originally synonymous, but their meanings diverged long ago, and the distinction is small but significant. Both words derive from the Latin term expedire, which means â€Å"disengage† or â€Å"prepare.† (The literal meaning is â€Å"free the feet.†) As you may have guessed, that’s also the source of expedition, in the original sense of â€Å"journey† and the associated meaning of â€Å"those on a journey.† (The adjective form is expeditionary.) From expedire came the word expedite, meaning â€Å"dispatch or issue,† â€Å"do promptly,† or â€Å"speed up.† (Expediate is an unnecessary variant.) Two adjectives developed from this term: Expeditious originally meant â€Å"fitting† or â€Å"useful,† but it later acquired the sense of â€Å"promptly efficient† and lost its original meaning, which expedient retains. Expedient has two connotations, once neutral and the other more common slightly pejorative: Something that is expedient may be suitable, but the word more likely reflects what is done out of self-interest or because it is most convenient rather than the best solution. The adverbial form of expedient is expediently; the noun forms are expedience and, better, expediency. The adverbial form of expeditious is expeditiously, and the noun form is expeditiousness. The unrelated word expeditation (the verb form is expeditate) is closer to the literal meaning of the Latin source; it means to declaw a dog or remove the pads of its feet to deter it from chasing animals the word is therefore almost an antonym of expedite and I hope it’s obsolete. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?Driver License vs. Driver’s LicenseParataxis and Hypotaxis

Why Babies Are Born With Blue Eyes

Why Babies Are Born With Blue Eyes You may have heard that all babies are born with blue eyes.  You inherit your eye color from your parents, but no matter what the color is now, it may have been blue when you were born. Why? When you were an infant, melanin- the brown pigment molecule that colors your skin, hair, and eyes- hadnt been fully deposited in the irises of your eyes or darkened by exposure to ultraviolet light. The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light that is allowed to enter. Like hair and skin, it contains the pigment, possibly to help protect the eye from the sun. How Melanin Affects Eye Color Melanin is a protein. Like other proteins, the amount and type your body produces are coded into your genes. Irises containing a large amount of melanin appear black or brown. Less melanin produces green, gray, or light brown eyes. If your eyes contain very small amounts of melanin, they will appear blue or light gray. People with albinism have no melanin in their irises at all. Their eyes may appear pink because the blood vessels in the back of their eyes reflect light. Melanin production generally increases during the first year of a babys life, leading to a deepening of eye color. The color is often stable by about six months of age, but it may take as long as two years to fully develop. However, several factors can affect eye color, including the use of certain medications and environmental factors. Some people experience changes in eye color over the course of their lives. In some cases, people can even have eyes of two different colors. Even the genetics of eye color inheritance isnt as cut-and-dried as was once thought, as blue-eyed parents have been known (rarely) to have a brown-eyed child. Furthermore, not all babies are born with blue eyes. A baby may start out with gray eyes, even if they ultimately become blue.  Babies of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent are more likely to be born with brown eyes. This is because darker-skinned individuals tend to have more melanin in their eyes than Caucasians. Even so, a babys eye color may deepen over time. Also, blue eyes are still possible for babies of dark-skinned parents. This is more common in preterm babies because melanin deposition takes time. Humans arent the only animals that experience eye color changes. For example,  kittens are often born with blue eyes, too. In cats, the initial eye color change is fairly dramatic because they develop so much more quickly than humans. Feline eye color changes over time even in adult cats, generally stabilizing after a couple of years. Even more interesting, eye color sometimes changes with the seasons. For example, scientists have learned that reindeer eye color changes in the winter. This is so that reindeer can see better in the dark. Its not only their eye color that changes, either. The collagen fibers in the eye change their spacing in the winter to keep the pupil more dilated, allowing the eye to capture as much light as possible.

Zappos as an Online Shoe and Clothing Trading Company Essay

Zappos as an Online Shoe and Clothing Trading Company - Essay Example The company utilizes the internet to undertake most of the business operations, including marketing and customer service. Relationship marketing and loyalty business models have been the marketing approaches adopted by the company since inception. An organizational culture is the values and behaviors that enable the customers to define the organizational environment. The organizational culture at Zappos remains focused on ensuring satisfaction of the customers from the services received. One fundamental value at the company remains the value for customers, commonly achieved through providing customer service beyond the traditional customer service. The company ensures relationships become established and nurtured between the organization and the customers. The employees within the organization have been empowered to undertake any action deemed relevant, towards attending to a customer needs (Schein, 2010). Within the organization, customer service representatives do not need to cons ult their supervisors when presented with complaints. Empowerment of employees has enabled the company to pursue the goal of excellent customer service, for a long period. The activities and actions undertaken by the customer representative employees remain fundamental in determining the organizational culture at Zappos. One instance when a customer called seeking to return a pair of shoes she’d bought for the husband proves the level of empowerment among the employees. The customer wanted to return the shoes since the husband had been deceased before he could receive the boots. The customer service employees offered to inform the customer about the procedure. The customer service employees instead, sent flowers to console the customer for the demise of her husband. This presented a human touch to the virtual company which undertakes to trade online. Many employees of the company have created  social media accounts through which to communicate with customers.  

Destruction Art of Yoko Ono Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Destruction Art of Yoko Ono - Research Paper Example The research paper "Destruction Art of Yoko Ono" highlights Yoko Ono’s work based on â€Å"destruction art†. The life of Ono and her work received misunderstanding from many people. The art was an ethical matter where the survivors tried exposing the violence and their histories. Most of the artists were both concerned with destruction of physical materials and objects and using media to address the issues of violence and destruction. In the entire career of Yoko Ono, she defied the usual contemporary of arts by making use of the concept power to convey the philosophical and aesthetic meaning. Yoko Ono’s work has since addressed the issues related to destruction through modification of objects, presentation of objects, conceptual instructions, and conceptual performance. Incorporating the issues of destruction in her work, promoted creative thinking, drawing the destruction reality hides in the social and physical body. Most of her works are an annexed with the u nusual experiences in the beginning of her life. Today, Yoko is an artist that was influential because he pushed the boundaries of film, art, and music and theatre media. Yoko Ono’s ideas and work had an enormous influence on a whole generation in 60s and early 70s. It has remained a crucial mark in the development of various forms of art in every part of the world today. Yoko Ono used intangible and ephemeral materials to draw the audience back to the philosophical and conceptual state. She plays with silence and noise and created temporary pieces from shadows and touch.

Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Politics - Essay Example There needs to be clear understanding of whether it is national interest or core values that take precedence, which tends lack in idealist approach that tries to integrate both realism and idealism. Adopting idealist approach will enable the U.S. to take into account the uprising regional powers like India and china. One of the main features of the U.S. constitution that control the majority and protect the minority is separation of powers. It helps to preserve liberty while upholding order. Another feature is constitutional democracy, which limits the power of the majority in order to ensure the preservation of the rights minorities. However, the democratic aspect of the constitution is perhaps the most ineffective because it is the majority group that determines the course and nothing is in place to prevent them from infringing democratic rights and lives of the minority. National security is of utmost importance to any country. In cases of national security threats, every attempt to restore normalcy is takes charge. Fight on terrorism applies for all irrespective of one’s country of origin. However, the extermination of American citizens by their own government is quite creepy. The action infringes human rights. It violates the fundamental right to life, which the constitution

International Business In Saudi Arabia Business Essay

International Business In Saudi Arabia Business Essay This research paper attempts to find article in newspapers that pertain to Saudi Arabia and the relationships it has in international business. The newspaper articles are selected in accordance with the topic under research and the summary is provided. Saudi Arabia being a strategic partner in international business has been in the forefront to promote it by having in place political, legal, economic and social-cultural environment where such can thrive. In this respect, the paper analyses cases that have been reported in the media and which relate directly to the scope of international business. 1. What Is International Business Cover page: May 18th 2011 Global economic climate brightens again, ICC/Ifo survey reveals Paris, 18 May 2011 Article Summary: The article states that the global economic climate indicator stands at 107.7 points in April, 2011 which is far much higher in the last few years. The figure is derived from a survey of 1000 economists in over 120 countries in which they responded to positive global economic growth. There are however factors that could affect this optimism such as budget deficits, high inflation and unemployment. The ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) secretary attributed this as a sign of economic recovery. He urged governments to work together to encourage a multilateral trading system that facilitates global economic growth. Although interest rates are expected to rise, emerging economies are worried but this will not affect the consumer prices much. The only risks that are expected include excessive movements in international capital and potential oil price shocks due to tensions in supply. (Note: Saudi Arabia is an oil producing country). The overall economic growth in the world is expected to reach 3.2% in 2011. Among the countries to benefit from this are the US in terms of employment and increased productivity. The Asian countries may fail to realize benefits in the short term since they expect growth in private consumption, capital expenditure and exports to weaken. In Europe, benefits will materialize especially after the Euro stabilizes. Perhaps the most interesting part is the observed improvements in Saudi Arabia amongst other neighboring nations. Relevance: International business involves all commercial transactions that occur between two or more countries or regions in a way that the political boundary is crossed. The business may be incorporated in areas such as private and government sectors, investments, logistics and transportation, and sales in various products. The reason for doing international business differs in regard to who is participating for instance private corporations do it for profit while governments seek profits and political gains. In general, economic resources get transacted across borders in form of skills, capital and people so that they enable production in banking, insurance, construction and finance sectors among others. This article is relevant to international business because it recognizes the role individual countries play as well as the factors of economic growth. It is evident that as long as individual countries economies are doing well, such countries are bound to trade with each other. Saudi Arabia being an oil producing country has over the recent past been affected by the declining economic growths in many countries all over the world. But considering that international business involves trans-border transaction such as exporting oil, (a resource), Saudi Arabia will in the long run engage and derive profits at a higher scale. Critique and Insight: Despite the implication that world economies are in the verge of growth, Saudi Arabia may still have to wait a bit longer before it can fully enjoy the benefits. In this same article, the issue of currency values is mentioned albeit shallowly. Oil as it may originate from Saudi Arabia may meet a market in crisis in regard to disagreements over currency undervaluation. This in effect means that a country like Saudi Arabia in its search for international market must be aware of such issues as well as high interest rates and inflation.   Attached Article: http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZAWYA20110518133330 2. Globalization of Markets and the Internationalization of the Firm Cover page: Bottom of Form MENASART FAIR By ARAB NEWS: Published: Apr 27, 2011 18:22 Article Summary: The boutique style exclusive exhibition is very famous amongst artists, collectors and art professionals from all parts of the world. The Middle East region is attracting these from as far as North Africa and South Asia. The interest people are showing towards long neglected art and contemporary art in this region has become a success story in the international arena. Art fair manager dHauteville in Beirut noted that there is need for an international event which recognizes the growing demand for art whose sales value is estimated as more than $200 million for the last three years. This is why MENASART aims to provide a base in the region for art enthusiasts and collectors so that it can be done in a professional and cultural environment. Artists from Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are being encouraged to seek newer media which will drive the regional governments.   In addition it will provide a repository for global art and culture enabling them to become a world class destination. Cities in Qatar, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia are investing a lot in building museums with the most notable being Nabatt â€Å"A Sense of Being† which is contemporary art from Saudi Arabia. This exhibition will enable Saudi contemporary art to experience international visibility. There also international auction houses in the region in the making and which are forecast to include all countries in the region. The Video Box has also been incorporated in which films and children arts are considered for display. But it is not art only that is being considered but also conferences for dealers, curators and collectors with an aim to address recent trends in South Asia.   They will discuss challenges that can oversee merging of all artists in these regions in the light of globalization. MENASART past fair attracted a number of visitors and they expect it to rise in later events. Relevance: Globalization of market s and internationalization of the firm both imply a situation where a business is opened up so that it can operate on an international arena. It means moving away from just considering local demand and supply but focusing on a wider area. International business as already discussed operates across borders. This article is relevant in the issue of market globalization and internationalization of the firm since it states that contemporary had been long neglected. Prior to embracing boutique style exclusive exhibition it seem that MENASART was confined to local markets; it at all it even took place. But with the opening of such exhibitions, there is a greater chance that more collectors, dealers and curators are likely to take part in the process. Considering too the interest people around the world have shown interest, it is clear that the market is opening up towards becoming global. In line with creating and building museums and trade fair the contemporary industry in fact moving from local settings to being run on an international scale. True to the article, Saudi Arabia especially will experience international visibility where their long forgotten and less traded art work will be done on an international arena. Critique and Insight: This article would have been more resourceful had they indicated some examples of art work that is associated with MENA regions. Attached Article: http://arabnews.com/lifestyle/art_culture/article374698.ece 3. Organizational Participants that Make International Business Happen Cover page: Foreign Policy The Middle East Channel: Need for a new social contract: Posted By Dag Detter, Steffen Hertog: Wednesday, May 4, 2011 11:00 AM Article Summary: There are reports that vast state assets have been misappropriated in the wake of recent uprising in the Middle East. The Arabic sector is fermented and numerous strikes are taking place for example in Misr Spinning and Weaving textile plant.   The crony capitalists who have enriched themselves through skewed privatizations deals have also been loosing support. The article points out that mismanaged public sectors have been a pivotal in the uneven growth and corruption. The State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), in some MENA countries manufacturing sector have undermined competition thus reducing growth. Many companies are unable to be productive enough to allow reasonable wages and dignified work conditions. The state appointed management has been a crucial cause by allowing cannibalizing of state assets as well as denying workers their bonuses. One Ahmed Ezz has already acquired strategic bits of steel sector by manipulating political connections in Egypt. In all other MENA countries corruption has contributed to companies ending up in looses.   In Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation is usually run secretively though efficiently. The MENA authoritarian systems have employed political conditions such that monopolies seem to work but more institutionalized recipes by the government are required. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has reached a consensus that centralized ownership function is the best way to manage SOEs while at the same time protecting them from political machinations. Centralization allows conflicts between political and industrial imperatives to be dealt with and at the same time enable introduction of professional corporate governance skills to be utilized. The Board of Directors is strengthened in its endeavors such that the whole system runs accountably either in cases of success or failure. In order to utilize commercial funds effectively, the incorporated commercial borrowing tool comes in handy. It must however be set in under professional management that can be subjected to checks and balances for example in accounting and auditing. Instead of back financing, credit rating and use of bond market will instill more discipline. The National Wealth Funds have been observed to produce value internationally if they are well managed and accept transparency as a core principle. Reforms as studies have shown are expected to take place especially in the public sector and the management of SOEs. They must also be accompanied by labor market policy that allows migration from public to private sectors and at the same time allowing social security. Relevance: This article is relevant to the topic at hand since it addresses the organizational participants that make international business happen. In the article introduction, it is shown how different companies in MENA region including Saudi Arabia are being run corruptly leading to their collapse. Since the topic is dealing with organizational participants the State Owned Enterprises are in this case appropriate examples as they too engage in international business. The public sector is composed of so many organizations that make it possible for international business to take place and if it fails, so does the whole system. As noted in the article, SOEs including energy, telecoms, transport and real estates form an untapped resource fro driving economic growth and transforming the social contract. This in effect implies that it is organizations in these sectors that contribute to a country being able to engage in international business.   Their management is essential if it is done in an organized and structured manner as the benefits filter down to the economies in the region. This is the reason such concepts as decentralization, competitive policy and deregulation are noted as ones that will lead to sustainable profit and competitive prices to citizens.   The government on the other head is noted as the player and referee or in other terms as a market participant as well as the regulator. This is in line with the topic which discuses organizational participant who eventually allows international business to take place. In this case the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation has been successful due to being run efficiently but important to note is that the company itself serves the whole region; which is a case of international business. The OECD is another organization that set a platform for international business to take place and it has done so in the MENA region where Saudi Arabia is located. The article further proposes that if companies are run as incorporated commercial holding companies, they are more likely to perform in the international arena as Singapores Temasek which is a National Wealth Fund has done. Finally, both SOEs and the private sector are in real sense contributors to international business in a country.   If both are managed well, they become profitable and in turn will expand beyond the countrys borders so as to indulge in international business. Critique and Insight: In as much as the article traces the causes of the current events in the MENA region, it fails to give adequate examples of how each country is fairing. It would have been more appropriate to specify the rate of interaction among the MENA member countries in regard to how they actually do business. It seems that the article is only relying on the call for political reform in the running of the public sectors and dealing with corruption. However I tend to agree with the author when he asserts that a regional reform program is necessary especially in the SOEs.   Both the financial and social enterprises sectors need to be reformed so as to take a global relevance.   It is only through globalization that organizations which play a vital role in international business will be able to accomplish their goals. Attached Article: http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/04/29/a_new_social_contract 4. Theories of International Trade and Investment Cover page: Colombo Page: Sri Lanka Internet Newspaper Leading News from Sri Lanka Saudi delegation to visit Sri Lanka to explore new areas of business cooperation Fri, May 20, 2011, 10:07 am SL Time, Colombo Page News Desk, Sri Lanka. Article Summary: The Saudi Arabias Commerce and Industry Minister, a Mr. Abdulla Zainal Alizera noted that peace in Sri Lanka has made it possible for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to establish new trade relations. This was discussed during a visit by the Sri Lanka Minister of Industry and Commerce a Mr. Rishad Bathiudeen in Jeddah. The Saudi minister cited recent unrest in North and East Sri Lanka as having hindered trade but now is willing due to the peace that has been realized. The new chapter in trade will be initiated by a Saudi delegation to Sri Lanka with an aim of exploring new areas of cooperation between the two countries. On the other hand, the Sri Lankan minister has already identified sectors which trade can take place.   These include; tourism, industry, garments, information technology, fruits and vegetable cultivation and gem and jewelry sectors. The Saudi government will too volunteer by sending a technical team to identify new areas in agriculture under the King Abdullah Initiative for Saudi Agricultural Investment Abroad. The two countries have eventually agreed to form a Business Council to promote bilateral trade which currently stands at $ 246 million. But both countries are hoping to improve on this figure and especially the $ 43.8 million Sri Lankas export to Saudi Arabia. In a bid to initiate this trade, the Sri Lankan minister has already allowed garments export to Saudi and they be made according to Saudi businessmen specifications. He further is optimistic in that he encouraged trade which would soon yield attractive gains. The Sri Lankan minister also ventured in to other ministries in Saudi Arabia such as the Electricity and Finance ministry in pursuit of international business. Relevance: Theories in international trade and investment can be explained in two distinct ways. One of them concerns the national level and deals with questions like why nations trade and how they can enhance their competitive edge. The other level is firm oriented and seeks to give insight in to why firms institutionalize and how it helps in giving sustainable and competitive edge. The various theories covered here include; mercantilism, factor proportions, absolute advantage, new trade index to name a few. This article fits well with theories of international trade and investment since the visits by the Sri Lankan minister seeks to initiate trade. The theory of mercantilism for instance is the basis for the visit because Sri Lanka realizes that their national prosperity is the result of a positive balance of trade. Both countries exercise mercantilism in regard to maximizing their exports and minimizing their imports. Under the theory of absolute advantage principle, it is evident that the proposal by the Sri Lankan minister that Saudis import garments if well founded.   Sri Lanka must be aware of the few resources it utilizes in production of garments and why it seeks Saudi businessmen to buy them. In regard to the comparative advantage principle, even though Saudi Arabia has an upper hand in case it exports oil to Sri Lanka, which might be more expensive, the only cause for their wish to trade is in the cost of production of garments. This concept of specialization will eventually benefit both countries; Saudi Arabia in oil and Sri Lanka in garments and agricultural production. Both countries also Critique and Insight: This article provides an insight in to how international business is initiated.   It provides a clear glimpse that goes with trade delegations for a certain country visiting another.   For international business to take place, each participating county must be in a position to make deals that will last and be beneficial to both parties. Another notable fact is that peace is very important for trade to take place as is evidence by past failures between the two countries. In addition, countries must be guided by international trade and investment theories in order to make the most out of trade. Finally the article reveals the likelihood of business to occur if the initiating party has also something to offer in the course of bilateral trade. The importance of trader councils cannot also be underemphasized. Attached Article: http://www.colombopage.com/archive_11/May20_1305866256CH.php 5. The Cultural Environment of International Business Cover page: Arab News.com Saudi women gaining ground after long struggle By ABDULHAI YOUSEF | ARAB NEWS Published: May 12, 2011 01:03 Updated: May 12, 2011 01:03 RIYADH: The late introduction of womens education in Saudi Arabia has not limited their ability to make considerable gains and rights. Article Summary: Saudi women have now been able to reach official decision making positions in Saudi Arabian government. In international arena they have had chances as high executives in international organizations but not at home front. So many stories have been circulating pertaining to Saudi women strive for legitimate rights in education and work as well as ability to make personal decisions in their affairs. Historically, it was impossible for them to realize education dreams whereby their culture considered it as an act of sedition and a source of corruption. According to Islam, women were confined to their husbands will until their death. King Saud however contributed a great deal by allowing for girls to attend schooling and over the years many of them took up the challenge. Currently, many of them have joined all sectors of investment, government ministries, medicine, and engineering and in business as well. One Hallima Muzaffar is already an accomplished writer and literally critic but confesses the struggle is not over yet. She cites that she still cannot run her own business despite being knowledgeable. In addition, she laments that the society is ready to open up for everything but for women. Many other women in Saudi Arabia claim and endeavor to fight for their rights sometimes with little or no success.   Finally the article notes that a number of Saudi women are well placed locally and internationally for example Thuraya Obaid who is in the UNPF and Lubna Olayan, a renowned investor in the international financial markets. Relevance: The culture environment of international business is a very important that should not be overlooked.   It involves the understanding of various cultural elements in a country that one is willing to engage in business with. Such cultures may have diverse and unfamiliar languages, value systems, behavior and beliefs. In a cross border business, it is always necessary to have a clue of the lifestyles, consumption behavior and norms that are characteristic of the people a country intends to deal with. Culture comes about in the unique communication, symbols and ideas they express and if underestimated could pose certain risks. The risks in international business associated with culture include country risk, commercial risk, and currency risk and cross-cultural risk. Failure to consider carefully each of these risks might result in the trade ties deterioration and eventual death of any business however successful it was. In international business such processes as developing products and services, communication and interaction, screening for foreign distributors, negotiating, advertising and exhibition all must be accompanied by detailed analysis of the culture in question. This article is very relevant to the issue of cultural environment of international business considering Saudi Arabia has unique culture. It is evident that women in that country are treated differently when it comes to their involvement in business. The article points out the various struggles women undergo and their plight can be harmful to the international business in the long run. Considering for instance those women in other parts of the world can engage in business and run them profitably, it is ironical why such can not be practiced in Saudi Arabia. But in essence it is important to understand different cultures as already discussed prior to initiating business with them.   In this case, an investor who prefers to engage in a business that involves women roles in America may be forced to change his mind while dealing with Saudi women. This is in line with understanding the cross cultural risk associated with international business and to counter it would entail leaving out any involvement with Saudi women. Critique and Insight: The article gives an insight in to how different cultures behave in regard to business. This is very helpful so that investors may seek information on cultural environment before engaging in business that may later pose risks once established. The article however fails to highlight what Saudi women are actually doing to promote international business in the light of globalization. Attached Article: http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article396218.ece 6. Political and Legal Systems in National Environments Cover page: Arab News .com By DR. KHALID ALNOWAISER | ARAB NEWS Human rights issues in Saudi Arabia Existing sponsorship system no longer conforms to the life in the 21st century Article Summary: The article discusses human rights in Saudi Arabia in respect to women, youth and foreigners. However it is the political and civil rights part that pertains to political and legal systems in national environments. The author notes the fundamental worth of everybody to be free and safe. The right not to be arbitrarily arrested and freedom of expression in any business they engage in is emphasized. Among all these rights, the writer notes that the Saudi citizens must be free to participate in management of public affairs either directly or through elected representatives. Individuals have a right to vote or run for office in fair elections as declared in the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights issued by the United Nations in 1966. The article concludes with a question of whether the Saudi government is ready and willing to make significant political decisions for its people so that they may participate in any business of their choice. Relevance: The political system involves institutions, political organizations and interest groups and their relationships and rules that govern them in a country. This may happen along individual or community settings where each has assigned rights and roles. It is very common for any country to operate along a certain political ideology such as democracy or a totalitarianism setting. Each of these systems is designed to improve standards of living, communication and economic progress. But on the other hand, failure of any particular system may lead to risks especially in regard to international business. The risks can however be reduced substantially by stimulating local economy, offering national employment, and encouraging shared business ownership and engaging in activities that show political neutrality and civility. The legal system too is composed of civil, customary, theocratic and common laws which are meant to govern how people interact and dissolve disputes. In international business, the intellectual property rights are very important to understand as they define the right of benefit of any tangible property an individual may have invented. This article is relevant in the way it emphasizes the need for political systems based on legal foundations that are recognized internationally. In such a system, international business thrives if conditions where human rights are upheld and this comes from the political and legal system that is in place. Critique and Insight: The article is well presented and has all the facts that are crucial for international business to take place.   A country that denies its own citizens basic human rights cannot enjoy benefits in international business. Attached Article: http://arabnews.com/opinion/columns/article408235.ece?comments=all 7. Government Intervention in International Business Cover page: PH rejects Saudi bid to cut Filipino maids pay By Philip C. Tubeza Philippine Daily Inquirer 6:18 am | Friday, May 20th, 2011 Article Summary: The Philippines has rejected the request by Saudi Arabia for a pay cut for Filipino maids working in the Kingdom. According to Labor Secretary, the $400 minimum salary for maids working abroad will remain despite the Saudi government wish to have it reduced to $200. Because of the salary dispute, the Saudi government has suspended the deployment of Filipino maids to the Kingdom.   The matter has been referred to Geneva where bilateral trade is meant to be discussed and resolved. Relevance: The role of the government is very important in international business. Governments impose restriction in international business mainly due to political, cultural and economic reasons. In cases where the government wants its domestic business in exports to thrive, intervention is necessary. Another scenario is during difficult economic times so as to reduce imports and therefore shield its workforce from being laid off. Political motives are may be cited by a government in international business if it wants to protect jobs, preserve national security, gain influence and to respond to unfair practices.   The economic motives involved may pertain to protecting incoming industries that are in the growth path or in order to pursue a strategic trade policy.   Culturally, the government may intervene in order to preserve its national identity. All these measure have a basic motive which is to secure jobs for its citizenry. This article is relevant in that the Saudi government has intervened in the dispute so that its own maids may have better terms than those of foreigners. The economic motive is evident in the article because the Saudi government wants job security that could be threatened by the highly paid Filipino maids. Critique and Insight: The article is well presented and bears all facts that would call for a government to intervene in order to secure its citizens jobs.